Towards an impact on food security for Tajikistan: improved wheat grain and seed quality through plant breeding as a key

Bahromiddin Husenov

Towards an impact on food security for Tajikistan: improved wheat grain and seed quality through plant breeding as a key

Bahromiddin Husenov

Institutionen för växtförädling

Publikation: Avhandling › Doktorsavhandling

9 Nedladdningar

Sammanfattning

Brödvete (Triticum aestivum L.) är världens viktigaste livsmedelsgröda och i Tajikistan bidrar vete med 60 procent av befolkningens dagsbehov av protein och kalorier. I denna avhandling utvärderades proteinsammansättning och brödbakningskvalitet samt förekomst av fröburna sjukdomar i Tajikiskt vete. Vidare så utvärderades sambandet mellan fröburna sjukdomar och proteinkvalitet samt de huvudsakliga begränsningarna för hög avkastning av bra kvaliet hos vete i de Tajikiska produktionssystemen. Det Tajikiska vetet uppvisade hög variation i proteinsammansättningen men samtidigt en hög heterogenitet. Majoriteten av de analyserade sorterna/linjerna uppvisade höga Paynepoäng, eftersom de högmolekylära gluteninsubenheterna (HMW-GS) 5+10 var vanligt förekommande. Ingen korrelation kunde påvisas mellan HMW-GS-sammansättningen och förhållandet mellan svårextraherbara polymera proteiner och total mängd polymera proteiner (%UPP). Vidare, indikerade %UPP ett starkt gluten i det Tajikiska vetet. Tajikiskt vete och dess brukande uppvisade likheter med ekologisk odling av vete, bla genom lokalanpassning av genotyperna. Totalt identifierades fjorton och arton olika svamparter i fröprover från växtförädlarnas respektive böndernas fält. De mest betydelsefulla svamparna i materialen var Tilletia laevis, T. tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana och Stemphylium spp., medan Alternaria spp. var de vanligaste förkommande svamparna. Förekomst av stinksot och flygsot var generellt låg i fält trots att inokulun av stinksot fanns på mer än 50% av de undersökta vetekärnorna; T.laevis var mest vanligt förekommande. De Tajikiska vetesorterna och linjerna saknade i hög grad resistens mot stinksot. Förekomst av vissa svampar korrelerade signifikant med proteinkvaliteten hos vetet. Böndernas kunskapsnivå var generellt låg. Närvaro av fröburna sjukdomar, låg proteinhalt och svagt gluten påverkade vetekvaliteten negativt, oberoende av typ av jordbruk och böndernas kunskapsnivå. Sammanfattningsvis behövs samordnade åtgärder för att förbättra veteproduktionen i Tadzjikistan. Avhandlingen visar tydligt på behovet av att öka kunskapsnivån hos jordbrukarna genom förbättring av utbildnings- och rådgivningssystemen. Ökad utbildning borde leda till en hållbar användning av certifierat utsäde samt ogräs- och skadedjursbekämpningsmedel, och en förbättrad växtföljd, etc. samtidigt som en negativ inverkan på Tadzjikistans biologiska mångfald bör undvikas. Systemet för att möjliggöra användning av certifierat utsäde av nya resistenta och högkvalitativa vetesorter kräver också riktade åtgärder.

Originalspråk	Engelska
Kvalifikation	Doktor i filosofi
Förlag	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Tryckta ISBN	978-91-7760-150-0
Elektroniska ISBN	978-91-7760-151-7
Status	Publicerad - 2018

Nyckelord

Tajikistan
Triticum aestivum L
bread-making quality
common bunt
field surveillance
plant breeding
seed-borne diseases
sustainability
wheat protein

SLU-serie

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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title = "Towards an impact on food security for Tajikistan: improved wheat grain and seed quality through plant breeding as a key",

abstract = "Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the worlds{\textquoteright} most important food crop and it contributes 60\% of the daily protein and calories to the population of Tajikistan. This thesis evaluated protein composition and bread-making quality of wheat, presence of and response to wheat seed-borne diseases, relationships between seed-borne diseases and protein quality as well as the major constraints for high yield of good quality in the Tajik wheat production systems. High variation in protein composition, though with high heterogeneity, was found in the Tajik wheat. High Payne quality score, due to the presence of high molecular weight-glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 5+10, was found for the majority of varieties/lines. No correlation was found between HMW-GS composition and percentage of un-extractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric protein (\%UPP); also the level of the latter neither indicated strong gluten. A local adaptation and similarities with organic farming traditions seemed to prevail. Overall fourteen and eighteen fungal species, respectively, were identified in seed samples from breeders{\textquoteright} versus farmers{\textquoteright} fields. Tilletia laevis, T.tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Stemphylium spp. were the major pathogenic fungi, although Alternaria spp. was the most common fungi. Wheat common bunt and loose smut were observed with low incidence in the field, though common bunt inoculum on the seed was >50\%; T.laevis being the most common cause. Tajik wheat varieties and lines showed high susceptibility towards common bunt. A significant correlation was found between presence of certain fungi and protein quality. The knowledge status of the farmers was found low. Presence of seed-borne diseases, low protein content and weak gluten hampered the wheat quality, mostly independent of farm type and knowledge of farmers. To conclude, a concerted action is needed for the wheat production in Tajikistan. This thesis clearly shows a need to increase farmers{\textquoteright} knowledge through the use of both the educational and the agricultural extension systems. Educational activities should result in a sustainable use of certified seeds, weed and pest management, crop rotations, etc. without hampering the large biodiversity of Tajikistan. A system for use of certified seeds of novel resistant and high quality varieties also needs to be targeted within the action.",

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author = "Bahromiddin Husenov",

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N2 - Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the worlds’ most important food crop and it contributes 60% of the daily protein and calories to the population of Tajikistan. This thesis evaluated protein composition and bread-making quality of wheat, presence of and response to wheat seed-borne diseases, relationships between seed-borne diseases and protein quality as well as the major constraints for high yield of good quality in the Tajik wheat production systems. High variation in protein composition, though with high heterogeneity, was found in the Tajik wheat. High Payne quality score, due to the presence of high molecular weight-glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 5+10, was found for the majority of varieties/lines. No correlation was found between HMW-GS composition and percentage of un-extractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric protein (%UPP); also the level of the latter neither indicated strong gluten. A local adaptation and similarities with organic farming traditions seemed to prevail. Overall fourteen and eighteen fungal species, respectively, were identified in seed samples from breeders’ versus farmers’ fields. Tilletia laevis, T.tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Stemphylium spp. were the major pathogenic fungi, although Alternaria spp. was the most common fungi. Wheat common bunt and loose smut were observed with low incidence in the field, though common bunt inoculum on the seed was >50%; T.laevis being the most common cause. Tajik wheat varieties and lines showed high susceptibility towards common bunt. A significant correlation was found between presence of certain fungi and protein quality. The knowledge status of the farmers was found low. Presence of seed-borne diseases, low protein content and weak gluten hampered the wheat quality, mostly independent of farm type and knowledge of farmers. To conclude, a concerted action is needed for the wheat production in Tajikistan. This thesis clearly shows a need to increase farmers’ knowledge through the use of both the educational and the agricultural extension systems. Educational activities should result in a sustainable use of certified seeds, weed and pest management, crop rotations, etc. without hampering the large biodiversity of Tajikistan. A system for use of certified seeds of novel resistant and high quality varieties also needs to be targeted within the action.

AB - Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the worlds’ most important food crop and it contributes 60% of the daily protein and calories to the population of Tajikistan. This thesis evaluated protein composition and bread-making quality of wheat, presence of and response to wheat seed-borne diseases, relationships between seed-borne diseases and protein quality as well as the major constraints for high yield of good quality in the Tajik wheat production systems. High variation in protein composition, though with high heterogeneity, was found in the Tajik wheat. High Payne quality score, due to the presence of high molecular weight-glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 5+10, was found for the majority of varieties/lines. No correlation was found between HMW-GS composition and percentage of un-extractable polymeric proteins in total polymeric protein (%UPP); also the level of the latter neither indicated strong gluten. A local adaptation and similarities with organic farming traditions seemed to prevail. Overall fourteen and eighteen fungal species, respectively, were identified in seed samples from breeders’ versus farmers’ fields. Tilletia laevis, T.tritici, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Stemphylium spp. were the major pathogenic fungi, although Alternaria spp. was the most common fungi. Wheat common bunt and loose smut were observed with low incidence in the field, though common bunt inoculum on the seed was >50%; T.laevis being the most common cause. Tajik wheat varieties and lines showed high susceptibility towards common bunt. A significant correlation was found between presence of certain fungi and protein quality. The knowledge status of the farmers was found low. Presence of seed-borne diseases, low protein content and weak gluten hampered the wheat quality, mostly independent of farm type and knowledge of farmers. To conclude, a concerted action is needed for the wheat production in Tajikistan. This thesis clearly shows a need to increase farmers’ knowledge through the use of both the educational and the agricultural extension systems. Educational activities should result in a sustainable use of certified seeds, weed and pest management, crop rotations, etc. without hampering the large biodiversity of Tajikistan. A system for use of certified seeds of novel resistant and high quality varieties also needs to be targeted within the action.

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KW - bread-making quality

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KW - field surveillance

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KW - seed-borne diseases

KW - sustainability

KW - wheat protein

KW - Tajikistan

KW - Triticum aestivum L

KW - bread-making quality

KW - common bunt

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KW - seed-borne diseases

KW - sustainability

KW - wheat protein

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