Insect diversity on clearcuts in boreal forest landscapes

Diana Rubene

Insect diversity on clearcuts in boreal forest landscapes

Bidragets översatta titel: Insekters mångfald på hyggen i boreala skogslandskap

Diana Rubene

Institutionen för ekologi

Publikation: Avhandling › Doktorsavhandling

3 Nedladdningar

Sammanfattning

Intensivt skogsbruk och brist på naturlig störningsdynamik i boreala skogar leder till en minskning och försämring av habitat för skogslevande arter. Det leder till att många arter minskar och riskerar att försvinna, framförallt arter som är beroende av död ved. Därför är det nödvändigt att integrera naturvårdsåtgärder i skogsbruket för att bevara mångfalden av arter i den boreala skogen. För att kunna optimera naturvårdåtgärder behöver vi förstå arters habitatkrav och diversitetsmönster i brukade skogslandskap. Målet med denna avhandling är att öka förståelsen för insekters diversitetsmönster på hyggen i brukad boreal skog. Jag har inventerat vedskalbaggar och gaddsteklar i Hälsingland och Dalarna och undersökt betydelsen av lokala habitatfaktorer och det omkringliggande landskapets sammansättning för arters förekomst och diversitetsmönster. Mängden död ved på hyggen var viktig för hög artrikedom och förekomst av enskilda vedskalbaggsarter. Artrikedomen av gaddsteklar ökade med hög rikedom av blommande växter och hyggesstorlek. Landskapets sammansättning var minst lika viktig som lokala faktorer för de observerade diversitetsmönstren. Mängden bränd skogsmark i omgivande landskap var positiv för artrikedomen av skalbaggar, medan lokal hyggesbränning hade liten påverkan på skalbaggar och gaddsteklar. Detta beror troligtvis på att bränd skogsmark på landskapsskala innefattar högre habitatdiversitet med större mängder död ved jämfört med brända hyggen. Gaddsteklarnas artrikedom ökade med mängden tidiga successionshabitat i landskapet, vilket tyder på att de flesta arter är knutna till öppna habitat. Olika landskap hade även olika arter av gaddsteklar. Därför behöver naturvårdsåtgärder spridas ut i regionen för att bevara hela faunan. För att öka artrikedom av insekter på hyggen behöver större mängder och variation av död ved skapas. Arter beroende av solexponerad död ved eller hög blomrikedom skulle gynnas om delar av hyggen hålls öppna längre. För att skapa habitat av tillräckligt hög kvalitet i landskapet behöver naturhänsynen troligtvis koncentreras så att nivån av hänsyn blir högre på vissa hyggen i varje landskap.

Bidragets översatta titel	Insekters mångfald på hyggen i boreala skogslandskap
Originalspråk	Engelska
Kvalifikation	Doktor i filosofi
Förlag	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Tryckta ISBN	978-91-576-8048-8
Elektroniska ISBN	978-91-576-8049-5
Status	Publicerad - 2014

Nyckelord

biodiversity
forest
insects

SLU-serie

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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title = "Insect diversity on clearcuts in boreal forest landscapes",

abstract = "Intensive management and loss of natural disturbance dynamics in boreal forests leads to habitat loss and degradation for forest dwelling species. As a consequence, many species have become threatened, especially those dependent on dead wood. Integration of conservation in forest management is therefore essential for protecting boreal forest species diversity. To optimise conservation efforts, we need to understand species habitat requirements and diversity patterns in managed forests. This thesis aims to increase our understanding of insect species diversity patterns on clearcuts in boreal forest landscapes. I have surveyed beetles, bees and wasps on clearcuts in two boreal forest regions in Sweden and assessed the importance of clearcut properties and composition of surrounding landscape for species occurrence and diversity. Locally, amount of dead wood was positively associated with high species richness and individual species occurrence of certain wood-dependent beetles. Bee and wasp species richness increased with high local flower richness and clearcut size. Landscape composition was at least as important as local habitat characteristics for shaping diversity patterns. Burned forest land in surrounding landscape increased wood-dependent beetle species richness, while burning of clearcuts had only a weak effect on beetles, bees and wasps. This is probably because burned forest land on landscape scale includes higher habitat diversity with larger dead wood amounts, compared to burned clearcuts. Bee and wasp species richness increased with amount of early-successional habitats in the landscape, indicating that most species are associated with open habitats. The bee and wasp fauna differed considerably between landscapes. Therefore, conservation efforts need to be dispersed throughout the region to preserve the entire fauna. To promote insect species diversity on clearcuts in managed boreal forests, larger amount and diversity of dead wood needs to be created. Species dependent on sun-exposed dead wood or flowering plant richness can be favoured by prolonged open-habitat stage on parts of clearcuts. Concentrating certain conservation efforts to some clearcuts in the landscape is probably necessary in order to create high-quality habitats.",

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