Dietary microbial phytase and citric acid synergistically enhances nutrient digestibility and growth performance of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) juveniles at sub-optimal protein level

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment was designed to study the main effect of dietary microbial phytase, citric acid, crude protein (CP) level and their interactions on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition of Labeo rohita juveniles. Two basal diets were formulated using plant-based ingredients containing either sub-optimum (25%) or normal (35%) CP levels. Both the diets were supplemented with microbial phytase (U kg(-1)) and citric acid (%) at the level of 0, 0; 500, 0; 0, 3; and 500, 3 respectively. One hundred and twenty L. rohita juveniles (average weight 12.61-13.72 g) were randomly distributed in eight treatments, each with three replicates. Dietary microbial phytase alone had no significant effect on whole-body ash content but addition of citric acid (3%) in the diet activated the phytase as evidenced by their significant interaction. A significant interaction between citric acid and microbial phytase was also found on weight gain%, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio. Increasing the dietary CP level from 25% to 35% significantly (P < 0.01) decreased phosphorus and dry matter digestibility. Thus, these results showed that the growth-promoting effect was higher in groups fed a sub-optimum protein (25%) diet containing both 3% citric acid and 500 U kg(-1) of microbial phytase than those fed 35% CP diets. This suggests that microbial phytase and citric acid in sub-optimum CP diet had a synergistic effect on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of L. rohita juveniles.