TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in the expression pattern of genes affecting the growth and development of mammary tissue in pregnant Saanen goats in response to dietary fats
AU - Masoudi, Reza
AU - Asadzadeh, Nader
AU - Sadeghipanah, Hasan
AU - Seyedabadi, Hamid Reza
AU - Smaeilkhanian, Saeed
AU - Banabazi, Mohammad Hossein
AU - Tabrizi, Alireza Ebadi
AU - Barfourooshi, Hoda Javaheri
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - The period from mid-pregnancy to term is a pivotal phase for the growth and development of the mammary glands. Diets containing unsaturated fat may also influence this process. This study examined the effects of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements on mammary gland growth in Saanen goats. Forty goats were divided into four groups: C- (negative control, no added fat), C+ (positive control, saturated palm oil), SB (Omega-6, roasted soybean), and FS (Omega-3, extruded flaxseed). Blood parameters, histological data, and the expression of genes related to mammary tissue growth and apoptosis were examined. Our findings showed that the C- group had the highest (p <= 0.05) serum insulin and lowest (p <= 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations compared with the other groups. Serum cortisol concentration was lower (p <= 0.05) in the C+ group than in the C- and SB groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower (p <= 0.05) in the FS group compared to the C- and C+ groups. The total serum cholesterol concentration was lower (p <= 0.05) in the Cgroup than in the C+ and SB groups. The percentage of epithelial cells was higher (p <= 0.05) in the FS group, while the percentage of stroma was higher in the C+ group. Additionally, the SB group's alveolar, epithelial, and luminal areas were higher (p <= 0.05) than those in the other groups. The expression of the Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) was the highest for the FS group (p <= 0.05). However, the expression of Insulin-like growth factor-I, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, providing goats with flaxseed during mid-pregnancy can promote mammary epithelial cell growth and development, prolong the lifespan, delay apoptosis, and sustain milk production.
AB - The period from mid-pregnancy to term is a pivotal phase for the growth and development of the mammary glands. Diets containing unsaturated fat may also influence this process. This study examined the effects of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements on mammary gland growth in Saanen goats. Forty goats were divided into four groups: C- (negative control, no added fat), C+ (positive control, saturated palm oil), SB (Omega-6, roasted soybean), and FS (Omega-3, extruded flaxseed). Blood parameters, histological data, and the expression of genes related to mammary tissue growth and apoptosis were examined. Our findings showed that the C- group had the highest (p <= 0.05) serum insulin and lowest (p <= 0.05) serum triglyceride concentrations compared with the other groups. Serum cortisol concentration was lower (p <= 0.05) in the C+ group than in the C- and SB groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower (p <= 0.05) in the FS group compared to the C- and C+ groups. The total serum cholesterol concentration was lower (p <= 0.05) in the Cgroup than in the C+ and SB groups. The percentage of epithelial cells was higher (p <= 0.05) in the FS group, while the percentage of stroma was higher in the C+ group. Additionally, the SB group's alveolar, epithelial, and luminal areas were higher (p <= 0.05) than those in the other groups. The expression of the Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) was the highest for the FS group (p <= 0.05). However, the expression of Insulin-like growth factor-I, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, providing goats with flaxseed during mid-pregnancy can promote mammary epithelial cell growth and development, prolong the lifespan, delay apoptosis, and sustain milk production.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - B -cell lymphoma-2
KW - Bcl-2
KW - Growth factors
KW - IGF-I
KW - IGFBP-3
KW - IGFBP-5
KW - Mammary gland
KW - Saanen goat
KW - Supplemental fats
KW - TNF-alpha
KW - dehydrogenase
KW - insulin-like growth factor binding
KW - insulin-like growth factor-1
KW - protein-3
KW - tumor necrosis factor-alpha
KW - Apoptosis
KW - B -cell lymphoma-2
KW - Bcl-2
KW - Growth factors
KW - IGF-I
KW - IGFBP-3
KW - IGFBP-5
KW - Mammary gland
KW - Saanen goat
KW - Supplemental fats
KW - TNF-alpha
KW - dehydrogenase
KW - insulin-like growth factor binding
KW - insulin-like growth factor-1
KW - protein-3
KW - tumor necrosis factor-alpha
UR - https://res.slu.se/id/publ/141702
U2 - 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106943
DO - 10.1016/j.domaniend.2025.106943
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 40215566
AN - SCOPUS:105002239958
SN - 0739-7240
VL - 92
JO - Domestic Animal Endocrinology
JF - Domestic Animal Endocrinology
M1 - 106943
ER -