Tropism and tectonics - fundamental principles of space formation

The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of what characterizes substantive theory in landscape architecture. The discipline is considered to be evolving toward a unique mindset, significant to the sustainable development of human settlements. The aim of this study is to highlight two fundamental, and essentially different, principles of space formation: tropism and tectonics. A philosophical approach is used to discuss different ways of thinking, and approaching, landscape change. The point of departure is to distinguish between the use of terms related to dynamic progression and those related to static conditions. Tropism describes a dynamic principle of the growth of living organisms, while tectonics describes the static principle of erecting a framework, one for a building or a bridge. Tropism is vital to the management of living landscapes and their design through maintenance. The conclusion is that both tropism and tectonics require attention in order to further develop the theoretical framework.