Polar expedition: mechanisms for protein polar localization

Most cells show asymmetry in their shape or in the organization of their components that results in poles with different properties. This is a fundamental feature that participates in modulating the development of an organism and its responses to external stimuli. In plants, a number of proteins that are important for developmental and physiological processes have been shown to display polar localization. However, how these polarities are established, maintained, or dynamically modulated is still largely unclear for most of these proteins. In this review we report recent updates on the mechanisms of polar protein localization, focusing on a subset of these proteins that are the focus of current research efforts.