Intellectual property rights in the agri-food chains: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis

This review analyzed 471 journal articles focusing on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in the agri-food sector. Using bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review techniques, it aimed to uncover key debates and insights. It examined relevant bibliometric data by employing tools like HistCite 12.03.17, VOSviewer 1.6.19, and CiteNetExplorer 1.0.0. Furthermore, using content analysis, the literature was classified and discussed under six main clusters: IPR's impact on technology and innovation, IPR's influence on seeds, IPR's role in sustainable development, intersections between IPR and research and development, discussions on geographical indications (GIs), and IPR management and policy. These clusters provided diverse perspectives on IPR's role in the agri-food sector, ranging from fostering innovation and sustainability to concerns about power concentration, farmer rights, environmental impacts, and socioeconomic outcomes. GIs were unanimously recognized for safeguarding product reputation tied to specific regions. The review summarized the intricate relationship between IPR and research and development and tools for effective IPR management and policy considerations. Overall, the IPR in agri-food sector literature offers diverse, sometimes conflicting views with limited empirical research. As a result, further comprehensive empirical investigations are required to understand the subject and better inform policymakers.