Influence of soil fauna on fungal plant pathogens in agricultural and horticultural systems

An understanding of the ecology of plant pathogens is crucial for the development of agricultural and horticultural growing systems that enhance plant health. One important group of organisms that influences plant pathogen survival and dispersal is the soil fauna. This review deals with known and possible interactions between soil animals and different groups of fungal plant pathogens. It is suggested that facultative saprophytes may be affected considerably by mycelial grazing by soil animals, while obligate parasites may be more influenced by animals that ingest spores and other types of propagules. Both types of pathogens can also be influenced by indirect interactions with the soil fauna. Manipulating the soil environment for enhancement of beneficial soil animals that consume pathogens seems to be a realistic possibility for sustainable agriculture and horticulture.