Abstract
Denna rapport är en förstudie av faktorer som påverkar hybridisering av mobila maskiner. Studien har omfattat drivkrafter och begränsande faktorer för hybridisering samt en överblick av det nuvarande läget gällande forskning och utveckling inom området samt kommersialisering av hybridfordon.
Icke-väggående hybridfordon har till viss del samma för- och nackdelar som väggående hybridfordon. Detta gäller t.ex. minskad bränsleförbrukning och minskade utsläpp på
bekostnad av ökade tillverkningskostnader. Samtidigt skiljer de sig inom andra områden. Detta gäller t.ex. i tekniskt hänseende där högt vridmoment vid låga hastigheter och ökad kontrollerbarhet är viktiga fördelar för hybridfordon, samtidigt som fordonen används i en tuffare miljö än vägfordon vilket kan göra hybridisering svårare. Hybridernas ekonomiska konkurrenskraft påverkas positivt av den ökade produktivitet som följer av det höga vridmomentet vid låga hastigheter, samtidigt är möjligheterna till grön PR begränsande jämfört med vägfordon.
Med undantag för vissa mindre sektorer (som gaffeltruckar) befinner sig hybridfordonen i en introduktionsfas för mobila maskiner. Många olika typer av topografier (serie, parallell, kombinationer), lagringsmedier (batterier, superkondensatorer) och styrregler prövas och få entydiga trender finns för dessa faktorer. Däremot är det relativt entydigt för vilka fordonsdelar som eldrift främst används. För grävmaskiner är det rotationen av överkroppen som främst elektrifieras, medan det för hjullastare är hjuldrivlinan som elektrifieras. Uppgifter om hur mycket bränsleförbrukningen kan minska varierar betydligt mellan olika forskargrupper och tillverkare, beroende på variation i hybridiseringsgrad, arbetscykel m.m.
Utveckling av fordon drivna med bränsleceller förekommer inom gaffeltruckssektorn, men är i övrigt begränsat till konceptfordon och liknande.
This report is a pre-study of factors influencing Hybridisation of non-road mobile machinery. The study has included incentives and constraints for hybridisation and an overview of the current state of research and development in the area as well as the commercialization of hybrid vehicles. Non-road hybrid vehicles have to some extent the same advantages and disadvantages as hybrid road vehicles, such as reduced fuel consumption and reduced emissions at the expense of increased manufacturing costs. However, there are also differences. Concerning technical aspects important benefits of hybridisation specific to non-road vehicles include high torque at low speeds and increased controllability, while on the other hand the environment is tougher for electric components. The economic competitiveness of non-road hybrids is positively affected by the increased productivity originating from the higher torque at low speeds, while the possibility of green PR is limited is comparison with road vehicles. With the exception of some minor sectors (such as forklifts) hybrid non-road mobile machinery are in an introductory phase. Many different types of topographies (serial, parallel), storage devices (batteries, super capacitors) and control strategies are tested and few clear-cut trends exist for these factors. However, it is quite clear which parts of the vehicles that are the focus for hybridisation. For excavators, it is the rotation of the upper body that is hybridised, while for wheel loaders it is the wheel drivetrain that is the focus of hybridisation. Information on how much fuel consumption can be reduced varies considerably between different research groups and manufacturers, corresponding to variation in degree of hybridisation, duty cycle etc. Development of vehicles powered by fuel cells take place in the forklift sector, but is otherwise limited to concept vehicles.
This report is a pre-study of factors influencing Hybridisation of non-road mobile machinery. The study has included incentives and constraints for hybridisation and an overview of the current state of research and development in the area as well as the commercialization of hybrid vehicles. Non-road hybrid vehicles have to some extent the same advantages and disadvantages as hybrid road vehicles, such as reduced fuel consumption and reduced emissions at the expense of increased manufacturing costs. However, there are also differences. Concerning technical aspects important benefits of hybridisation specific to non-road vehicles include high torque at low speeds and increased controllability, while on the other hand the environment is tougher for electric components. The economic competitiveness of non-road hybrids is positively affected by the increased productivity originating from the higher torque at low speeds, while the possibility of green PR is limited is comparison with road vehicles. With the exception of some minor sectors (such as forklifts) hybrid non-road mobile machinery are in an introductory phase. Many different types of topographies (serial, parallel), storage devices (batteries, super capacitors) and control strategies are tested and few clear-cut trends exist for these factors. However, it is quite clear which parts of the vehicles that are the focus for hybridisation. For excavators, it is the rotation of the upper body that is hybridised, while for wheel loaders it is the wheel drivetrain that is the focus of hybridisation. Information on how much fuel consumption can be reduced varies considerably between different research groups and manufacturers, corresponding to variation in degree of hybridisation, duty cycle etc. Development of vehicles powered by fuel cells take place in the forklift sector, but is otherwise limited to concept vehicles.
| Original language | Swedish |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Institutionen för energi och teknik, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet |
| Number of pages | 66 |
| Publication status | Published - 2012 |
Publication series
| Series | Rapport (Institutionen för energi och teknik, SLU) |
|---|---|
| Number | 43 |
| ISSN | 1654-9406 |
Keywords
- arbetsmaskiner
- bulldozer
- ekonomi
- elektricitet
- energianvändning
- fordonsgeometri
- fälthackar
- gaffeltruckar
- grävlastare
- grävmaskiner
- hjullastare
- hybridisering
- hälsa
- jordbruksmaskiner
- lagstiftning
- mobila maskiner
- prestanda
- skogsmaskiner
- skotare
- skördare
- skördetröskar
- teknikbeskrivning
- traktorer
SLU series
- Report (Deparment of energy and technology)
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