Human attitudes and expectations of artificial ecosystems – exemplified by living walls

Vertical greenery systems are vegetation systems that are particularly well suited to dense urban environments. They provide a variety of ecosystem services that support human society. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research into people’s attitudes towards artificial ecosystems, including living walls. Against this backdrop, this study aims to deepen our understanding of the human considerations surrounding living walls and their impact on attitudes and expectations. Employing inductive reasoning and a systematic methodology involving focus group interviews with three age groups, this study aimed to reveal shared meanings and an intersubjective reality, as well as bridging the gap between formal and informal knowledge by formulating insights into human perspectives and assumptions about living walls in urban green spaces. The study found that a substantial proportion of discussions concerning the planning and design of living walls centred on regulatory and supporting ecosystem functions, as well as seasonal aesthetics and pathways for social interaction, human health and well-being. Sustainable maintenance was also considered alongside planning and design factors. Integrating and implementing the results could support the planning, design, management, and decision-making processes of ecosystems within built green environments. The findings could further our understanding of humans’ lived experience and the societal benefits of living wall systems.