Greenhouse Farming Adoption: Determinants and Impacts on Dietary Diversity, Food Consumption and Insecurity in Ghana

Food and nutrition insecurity remains a pressing challenge in many emerging economies. This study examines the heterogeneous impacts of greenhouse farming (GHF) on household food insecurity, dietary diversity, and food consumption in Ghana. Using survey data from 400 vegetable-producing households and applying marginal and policy-relevant treatment effect (MTE and PRTE) models, the analysis reveals significant heterogeneity in gains from GHF, shaped by both observable and unobservable household characteristics. Overall, GHF adoption is associated with increased dietary diversity and food consumption, as well as reduced food insecurity. The PRTE estimates indicate that improving farmers' access to produce markets could raise household dietary diversity and food consumption by 42% and 41%, respectively, while lowering food insecurity by 25%. By quantifying both the heterogeneous impacts of GHF and the role of market access, this study provides new evidence on how climate-smart agricultural technologies can enhance household nutrition and food security in sub-Saharan Africa.