Early infection by Heterobasidion annosum in Larix × eurolepisseedlings planted on infested sites

The incidence of Heterobasidion annosum was examined in three young hybrid larch (Larix x eurolepis) plantations in southern Sweden that were established after felling Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands heavily infected by the fungus. The incidence of H. annosum was 7%, 33%, and 70%, respectively, in the 2-, 3-, and 5-year-old plantations. In all plantations, H. annosum was the most frequent rot-causing fungus (81%) and all isolates tested belonged to the P-intersterility group. No visible external differences between infected and healthy seedlings were found on any site. Both tap and lateral roots were infected by H, annosum. The results suggest that when hybrid larch is planted on sandy soils after clear felling of Norway spruce heavily infected by H. annosum, it is very susceptible to infection by H. annosum. Furthermore, transfer of H. annosum from infected stumps to hybrid larch occurs during the first few years after planting on scarified sires. In this study, scarification may have exacerbated the root disease situation and actually led to more early infections by distributing pieces inoculum across the sites.