Abstract
En snabb och tillförlitlig teknik för att följa ändringar in en procesström är spektroskopi, i synnerhet nära infraröd (NIR). Online NIR-spektroskopi utförs med transmission (på homogena klara vätskor) eller med reflektion (på heterogena fasta material). För turbida vätskor behövs en prob som kan mäta integrerande över stora ytor och med olika inträngningsdjup i vätskan. Vi konstruerade en sådan prob och testade dess egenskaper med hjälp av statistisk försöksplanering och multivariat data analys. En jämförelse gjordes även med en kommersiell prob. Mejeriavfall som går till anaerob rötning är en typisk turbid vätska utan reproducerbara egenskaper. För att simulera mejeriavfallets turbiditet användes lösningar av reproducerbara mängder mjölkpulver. Som testfaktorer användes 1) olika mängder turbiditet (mjölkpulver koncentration), 2) temperatur och 3) mängden analyt. Jämförelsen av proberna visar att den konstruerade proben har nästan samma egenskaper som den kommersiella och att den går att använda för olika slags at-line och on-line process mätningar. Skillnaden är att den kommersiella proben är ämnad för immersion i vätskan medan den nya proben är till för mätning genom ett fönster i en vätska som blir pumpad. Försöksplaneringen ger en bra insyn i vilka faktorer som är viktiga för en stabil och reproducerbar mätning.
The process industry needs fast online measurement for monitoring batch and continuous processes. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a fast and reliable technique often used for this purpose. One can apply NIR spectroscopy in transmission mode (for homogeneous liquids) or in reflectance mode (for inhomogeneous solids). For turbid liquids, there is a need for a probe that can measure over larger areas and with flexible penetration depths. Such a probe was constructed and tested using experimental design and multivariate data analysis. This was done in comparison with a commercial probe. Dairy waste used for anaerobic fermentation is a typical turbid liquid, but not very homogeneous. To simulate the turbidity of dairy products, solutions of well-known amounts of milk powder were used. The factors used in the experimental design were turbidity (amount milk powder) / temperature / amount of analyte present. The comparison of the probes shows that the constructed probe has comparable properties to the commercial one and that it can be used for different at-line and on-line measurements. The difference is that the commercial probe is meant for immersion in the liquid while the new construction is a non-contact cell through which the liquids are pumped. The results of the experimental design give a good insight in which factors are important for a stable and reproducible measurement.
The process industry needs fast online measurement for monitoring batch and continuous processes. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a fast and reliable technique often used for this purpose. One can apply NIR spectroscopy in transmission mode (for homogeneous liquids) or in reflectance mode (for inhomogeneous solids). For turbid liquids, there is a need for a probe that can measure over larger areas and with flexible penetration depths. Such a probe was constructed and tested using experimental design and multivariate data analysis. This was done in comparison with a commercial probe. Dairy waste used for anaerobic fermentation is a typical turbid liquid, but not very homogeneous. To simulate the turbidity of dairy products, solutions of well-known amounts of milk powder were used. The factors used in the experimental design were turbidity (amount milk powder) / temperature / amount of analyte present. The comparison of the probes shows that the constructed probe has comparable properties to the commercial one and that it can be used for different at-line and on-line measurements. The difference is that the commercial probe is meant for immersion in the liquid while the new construction is a non-contact cell through which the liquids are pumped. The results of the experimental design give a good insight in which factors are important for a stable and reproducible measurement.
| Original language | Swedish |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Institutionen för skogens biomaterial och teknologi, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Publication status | Published - 2014 |
Publication series
| Series | Rapport från Institutionen för skogens biomaterial och teknologi |
|---|---|
| Number | 2014:19 |
Keywords
- Spektroskopiska tekniker
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